今天，一位群友在用Python开发的AI绘画程序“Stable Diffusion”的时候，结果报错如下：
RuntimeError: Couldn't install torch.
提示：Python 运行时抛出了一个异常。请检查疑难解答页面。
Command: "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\python.exe" -m pip install torch==1.13.1+cu117 torchvision==0.14.1+cu117 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117
Error code: 2
--------
[程序崩溃，退出代码为 1 (0x00000001)]
中文翻译
运行时错误：无法安装torch。
原因
虽然说上面报错也说出了一些原因，但是，具体是什么原因我们还不知道？因此，我向这位群友要来了“控制台”整个调试代码，如下：
Python 3.10.11 (tags/v3.10.11:7d4cc5a, Apr 5 2023, 00:38:17) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)]
Commit hash: 22bcc7be428c94e9408f589966c2040187245d81
Installing torch and torchvision
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple, https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117
Looking in links: https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pytorch-wheels/torch_stable.html
Collecting torch==1.13.1+cu117
Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117/torch-1.13.1%2Bcu117-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (2255.4 MB)
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher
yield
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 561, in read
data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 527, in _fp_read
return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read()
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 90, in read
data = self.__fp.read(amt)
File "http\client.py", line 466, in read
File "socket.py", line 705, in readinto
File "ssl.py", line 1274, in recv_into
File "ssl.py", line 1130, in read
TimeoutError: The read operation timed out
提示：Python 运行时抛出了一个异常。请检查疑难解答页面。
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 160, in exc_logging_wrapper
status = run_func(*args)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 247, in wrapper
return func(self, options, args)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 419, in run
requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 92, in resolve
result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 481, in resolve
state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 348, in resolve
self._add_to_criteria(self.state.criteria, r, parent=None)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 172, in _add_to_criteria
if not criterion.candidates:
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\structs.py", line 151, in __bool__
return bool(self._sequence)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 155, in __bool__
return any(self)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 143, in <genexpr>
return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 47, in _iter_built
candidate = func()
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\factory.py", line 206, in _make_candidate_from_link
self._link_candidate_cache[link] = LinkCandidate(
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 297, in __init__
super().__init__(
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 162, in __init__
self.dist = self._prepare()
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 231, in _prepare
dist = self._prepare_distribution()
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 308, in _prepare_distribution
return preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(self._ireq, parallel_builds=True)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 491, in prepare_linked_requirement
return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 536, in _prepare_linked_requirement
local_file = unpack_url(
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 166, in unpack_url
file = get_http_url(
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 107, in get_http_url
from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\download.py", line 147, in __call__
for chunk in chunks:
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\progress_bars.py", line 53, in _rich_progress_bar
for chunk in iterable:
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\utils.py", line 63, in response_chunks
for chunk in response.raw.stream(
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 622, in stream
data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 560, in read
with self._error_catcher():
File "contextlib.py", line 153, in __exit__
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher
raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='download.pytorch.org', port=443): Read timed out.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\launch.py", line 355, in <module>
prepare_environment()
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\launch.py", line 257, in prepare_environment
run(f'"{python}" -m {torch_command}', "Installing torch and torchvision", "Couldn't install torch", live=True)
File "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\launch.py", line 81, in run
raise RuntimeError(f"""{errdesc or 'Error running command'}.
RuntimeError: Couldn't install torch.
提示：Python 运行时抛出了一个异常。请检查疑难解答页面。
Command: "C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\python.exe" -m pip install torch==1.13.1+cu117 torchvision==0.14.1+cu117 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117
Error code: 2
--------
[程序崩溃，退出代码为 1 (0x00000001)]
经过分析，我总算知道具体的原因了，主要就是：
1、这“Stable Diffusion”程序在执行以下命令：
C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\python.exe -m pip install torch==1.13.1+cu117 torchvision==0.14.1+cu117 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117的时候。
2、去下载：
https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117/torch-1.13.1%2Bcu117-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl的时候。
3、由于网络原因，造成了：
TimeoutError: The read operation timed out
中文翻译
超时错误：读取操作超时
解决方法
知道了原因，解决起来就容易多了，具体操作步骤如下：
1、确保浏览器能打开网址：
https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117/torch-1.13.1%2Bcu117-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
结果：正常。
2、cmd命令窗口执行命令。
以我这为例子，我叫他参考“PyTorch下载+安装（pip安装Torch）教程”，执行如下命令：
C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\python.exe -m pip install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117结果：提示“远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接”。
这是因为：
- 网络不稳定：如果网络环境不好，数据包的传输可能会出现错误，导致连接中断。
- 超时：如果连接时间太长，可能会超出远程主机的超时限制，从而导致连接中断。
3、从而断定，浏览器可以访问网址，cmd命令窗口下不能以命令的方式来访问。
因此最终的解决方法只有用“加速器”或“VPN”，用梯子来实现科学上网。
注意：
由于我们这里用的是stable-diffusion，并不推荐大家用下面这另一种方法去解决，因为此程序后面还会下载很多.whl的文件，手工一个一个的去操作太麻烦了。不如改变网络状态一劳永逸舒服得多。
还有另一种解决此问题的方法：
1、浏览器打开网址：
https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117/torch-1.13.1%2Bcu117-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl并下载.whl文件。
2、如果我们有一个whl文件，可以使用pip install命令来安装whl， 例如：
pip install some_package.whl这里如果有不懂的，具体请参考：pip安装本地whl文件（pip离线安装whl）教程
3、以这位群友为例子，那么，应该执行如下命令来安装whl：
C:\Users\74561\Desktop\sd-webui-aki-v4\py310\python.exe pip install torch-1.13.1%2Bcu117-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
